Third Battle of Panipat
It is now 250 years since the Battle of Panipat when the Afghan's under Abdali defeated the Marathas. Both were so weakened by the battle that they were soon supplanted by the Sikhs and British respectively in the areas that they sought to sway. Recent attempts have been made by Hindu activists to claim that the defeat was in fact a "strategic retreat". Abdali entered the battle with several disadvantages. 1. His armaments were inferior, as the Marathas were equipped with the best of the era French cannons, while Abdali's army featured camel mounted light cannons. 2. Maratha power was on the ascendency and their sway over the areas in contention were actually better than Abdali's. Abdali showed great military leadership in neutralizing both these disadvantages. He used his camel mounted artillary as a mobile firepower unit that overwhelmed and captured the Maratha cannons (it was after this that the battle turned). More importantly, he called on the loyalty of f...